Research Bibliography needed November 11 by noon
Submit 5-7 scholarly sources with brief annotations according to MLA, APA, or Chicago Generally, an annotation is approximately 100-300 words in length (one paragraph). An annotation should include the following information:A brief summary of the source
The source’s strengths and weaknesses
Its conclusions
Why the source is relevant to the project
Its relationships to other studies in the field
An evaluation of the research methodology (if applicable)
Information about the author’s background
Your personal conclusions about the source
Rough publish needed by November 30
Final publish needed by December 12
Research Paper Instructions:
10-12
pages, APA, MLA, or Chicago Citations preferred, 5 scholarly sources required.
According to Darryl R. J. Macer, a former UNESCO Chair
in Bioethics, “morality is something that is learned through clarification of
our values and application of these values to cases.” Moral Games for Teaching
Bioethics. UNESCO 2008, 3-4. This research paper will focus on applying ethical
values to given case studies. Use research to identify credible, scholarly
sources that you can use to create an argument. As Dr. Macer says, “An argument
consists of integrating the following:
· A conclusion or claim –
assertions or conclusions about an event or theory
· Facts – data that is used as
evidence to support the assertion
· Warrants – the statement that
explains the link between the data and the claims
· Backing – underlying
assumptions which are often not made explicit
· Rebuttals – statements that
contradict the data, warrant or backing of an argument
To
create an argument a person needs to state their claim, then support it with
facts (data) that are arranged logically. For each fact, they should give the
evidence for the fact (warrant) and for each warrant, state the quality of its
validity (backing). Then for each warrant and its backing, people should think
of an opposing point of view (rebuttal). They then consider further possible
warrants and backing for the rebuttals. At the end then they review, having
argued the rebuttals, examining whether they need to qualify their original
claim.” Macer, 10-11.
On
Blackboard, you will find the description of several case studies that relate
to global ethics and engagement.
Choose
the one that most interests you as the subject for your research.
You will need to research:
· The political, social and
economic conditions in the country that is the focus of the case study.
Consider the ways in which these impact the ethical issue in the case study.
· How at least one company,
government or non-profit organization NOT mentioned in the case study has
attempted to address the ethical issue at the heart of the case study. Be sure
to assess the ethics of their approach – who does it benefit, who does it harm,
who decides what is right or wrong?
· Scholarly studies that assess
the role of human decision-making as it relates to this ethical issue. Think
broadly, beyond the principal people involved in the decision. Do decisions
made by consumers to purchase a product have a role? Religious or cultural
leaders? Educational institutions? Governments?
· Look for examples of similar
situations and consider the results of action (making changes) or inaction
(leaving things they way they are). Will ethical choices have an impact on
sustainability? “Sustainability” has a wide variety of implications – if a company
is involved, will action/inaction promote the economic viability of the
company, its responsible use and management of resources to promote a healthy
environment, its ability to hire and keep trained workers, its ability to
continue to do business in that country, its responsibility to its shareholders
or the overall stability of the economic system? If individuals are the ones to
make the ethical decision, will action/inaction promote their health, family
relationships, economic well-being, or social standing? If government are
involved, will action/inaction promote better international relations, a
healthy economy for all countries concerned, the general welfare of citizens,
responsible use of resources to maintain a healthy environment or the favorable
opinion of voters?
Once
you have finished your research and reached your conclusions about an action or
decision, here is how your paper should take shape:
· Introduction and Thesis:
Begin your paper by briefly describing the case you have chosen, identifying
the central ethical issue involved. Identify the conclusion you’ve reached
about what action or decision seems to lead to the most moral outcome. This should
be a create, focused, and manageable thesis or problem statement that is
substantive, articulately stated, and thought provoking.
· Background Information:
Utilize facts about the county and the issue to provide a brief but
comprehensive historical background for your reader– this is something that
should be supplied by the scholarly sources you found in your research.
· Explain Global
Interconnectedness: Use evidence drawn from your research to show that this is
an ethical issue that is not limited to one place or group of people. Explain
how this case represents ethical, social, or environmental challenges that go
beyond the country/countries most clearly involved. Analyze the implications of
the decisions people might make in this case– that is, how these decisions
could impact people in different parts of the world. Remember that the impact
can be ethical, social, or environmental.
· Applied Ethical Theories:
Discuss at least three (3) ethical theories that could be used to consider this
case to help those involved make the right decision. Be sure to identify each
theory by its formal name (use the names provided in Widdows) and explain how
the theory comes to an ethical conclusion (e.g. the greatest good for the
greatest number, an action everyone should take, an action that protects human
rights, an action that promotes the common good, etc.) Assess each theory in
terms of the specific case and specifically explain the point of view of all
the stakeholders in each case– that is, the people who are impacted by the
decision. Finally, explain how the theories utilize different criteria to
determine what the right action should be.
· Final Analysis: Clearly state
the reason why you think that the thesis (which you stated in the introduction)
is the right decision, given your assessment of the ethical theories, existing
conditions, and possible global impact of the decision you support. Draw a
conclusion that is a logical extrapolation of the evidence (that means you
should sum up the major points in your argument to show how they support your
thesis).
Your work will be assessed on how
well it does the following:
Content
and analysis:
· Demonstrates recognition that
ethical obligations extend beyond one’s own family, friends or employer to the
broader community.
· Applies appropriate ethical
theories to the ethical problem to be solved.
·Articulates ethical issues
and identifies alternative positions for those issues
· Articulates your own ethical
viewpoint and defends it.
· Analyzes the global
interconnectedness in this scenario, identifying the ways in which actors and
issues in multiple countries intersect in this scenario.
· Analyzes the ethical
challenges as they pertain to larger global issues and evaluates the local or
broader consequences of human behavior
· Analyzes the impact of
ethical decisions on global sustainability
Mechanics
and Style:
· Articulates a creative,
focused, and manageable thesis or problem statement that substantive,
articulately stated, and thought provoking and addresses potentially
significant aspects of the topic
· Synthesizes evidence from
multiple sources reflecting different approaches/multiple points of view
·Organizes and synthesizes
reliable evidence to reveal insightful patterns, differences or similarities
related to focus
·Paragraphs are consistently
well-structured and developed, and are organized around a clearly-stated,
well-positioned central argument which is thoroughly and convincingly
supported. The evidence and/or supporting materials are fully explicated and
analyzed appropriate primary and secondary sources are used (as applicable).
The sentences are coherent (they are clearly linked) and unified (they stay on
topic).
·States a conclusion that is a
logical extrapolation from the analysis
·Complexity of thought and
discussion are intricate and original, stretching well beyond what is
immediately apparent.
· The artifact is free of
errors in grammar, punctuation, and mechanics. The writer’s voice is engaging
and the prose fluent
Case Study 1
Justice delayed, justice denied? The murder of Emmett Till is one of the most notorious hate crimes in American history. At 14 years old, Till was killed in 1955, while visiting his family in Mississippi. This case has long symbolized both the racist violence that was perpetrated against African-Americans throughout the Jim Crow era, and the way in which perpetrators of this violence were rarely held accountable. While socializing outside of a store, Till’s cousins allegedly dared him to ask the white woman in the store, 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant, on a date. The 14-year old Till allegedly accepted the dare and made comments to her in the store. Bryant initially claimed that Till also made physical advances on her. When Bryant’s husband Roy, heard of this, he and his half-brother J.W. Milam went to the residence where Till was staying and forced him into their car. Three days later, the boy’s mutilated body was found by the Tallahatchie River, only identifiable by an engraved ring he was wearing. His body was flown back to Chicago where his mother insisted on an open casket funeral. The news media soon picked up the story after seeing the state of his body, and Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were tried for murder in a segregated courthouse in Mississippi. At this trial, Carolyn Bryant repeated her allegations against Till. After deliberating for less than an hour, the all-white jury found the defendants to be not guilty. Carolyn Bryant later recanted her claims about Till, revealing the truth to author Timothy Tyson: Till never touched or harassed her. In July of 2022, an unserved arrest warrant for Carolyn Bryant (now Carolyn Donham of Raleigh, NC) from 1955 was found in a courthouse basement in Mississippi. Weeks later, a grand jury was empaneled to decide whether to indict her, as the only living accomplice of the Till kidnapping and lynching nearly 70 years ago. Ultimately, the grand jury decided not to issue an indictment over concerns about whether there was sufficient evidence to convict her.Critics of the grand jury’s decision emphasize the importance of accountability. Those who wanted to see Donham arrested and convicted argue that, just as Nazis have been prosecuted years after they committed their crimes, those who engage in horrible acts deserve to be punished regardless of how much time has passed. Moreover, given the symbolic importance of this case, it is important to have a formal acknowledgement and condemnation of her role in Till’s lynching. Yet others question whether prosecuting an 88-year-old woman as an accomplice to a murder committed seven decades earlier would really constitute justice. Moreover, defenders of the grand jury’s decision point out, given her age and serious health issues, she would not be likely to face punishment for this crime even if she were convicted—instead, she would likely have been sent home on compassionate release. Donham died in hospice care in Louisiana on April 25, 2023.